Despite its shortcomings and the challenges it faces, it is often considered to be one of the most successful international alliances in history. In addition, conflict is deterred by the collective defense aspect of NATO, where an attack on one member is an attack on all members. However, there is continuous debate over how to handle NATO member states experiencing democratic backsliding. With a large network of members and resources, NATO aims to hold its members to a standard of democracy and intervenes to defuse conflicts before they happen. Countries looking to join must have a functioning democratic government and a commitment to peacefully resolve conflict. The alliance promotes democratic ideas and peaceful conflict resolution around the world. The United States is the largest financial contributor to NATO and a key member of the alliance. If a decision reached under the NAC or a political subcommittee has military implications, the Military Committee is responsible for giving expert advice to the NAC and for organizing and carrying out NATO’s military operations. Each member has a seat on this council and all decisions are made by consensus, so that any decision made by NATO reflects the will of all members. The primary political council of NATO is the North Atlantic Council (NAC), and it is chaired by NATO’s Secretary General. In the decades since, NATO has grown in structure and members into the organization it is today. As the Cold War took shape and the Soviet Union threatened European governments, the founding countries of NATO determined that a transatlantic alliance was necessary to both deter Soviet aggression and promote political integration rather than militarism. NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military and political alliance founded in 1949 and dedicated to ensuring the security and freedom of its members.
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